Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by altered carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism which causes hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The WHO projects that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030. Diabetes can be treated, and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication, and regular screening and treatment for complications. It has various synonyms (Verupeyar) in Siddha system of medicine such as Miguneer, VeguMoothiram, InippuNeer, MeghaNeer, and Madhumegham. The Siddha treatment guideline for diabetes discusses the following headings: Definition (Noi iyalbu), Synonyms (Veru peyar), Etiology (NoiVarum vazhi), Clinical features (Noi Kurikunangal), Disease classification (Noi Enn), Investigations (Ennvagai Thervu), Differential diagnosis, Humoral changes (Thirithoda Marupadugal), Management and treatment plan (Maruthuva Vazhimurai), Pharmacological treatment regimen, Non-pharmacological treatment regimen, Dietary regimen, Karpam, Varmam, Yogic practices, Prevention, Post-clinical care, and the single herbs used in the Siddha system of medicine which has a potent anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic activity.

Varmam, an ancient Siddha science, describes vital points working in conjuncture with 10 vayus, which are vital for physiological functioning. The imbalance of these vayus leads to various pathological processes. Siddhas practice a unique Varma manipulation in the earlier stages of the disease in regulating these vayus to avoid further progression of the disease. That is called “Thiruvadi Dasa Vayu Pinnal” technique. Dasa Vayu Pinnal is a traditional Varmam maneuver performed in and around umbilicus and finally draining the lymphatic system toward the lower limb. Arranging these deranged vayus in appropriate direction will curb the disease progression.

Background: Rasagandhi mezhugu (RGM) is the higher order Siddha formulation comprising of mercury, arsenical compounds, minerals and herbs and is indicated for chronic diseases like Megarogam, Kiranthi, Puttrunoi, etc. Objectives: The objective of the present investigation was to standardize the formulation of RGM. Materials and Methods: The organoleptic characters such as color, appearance, taste, and odor were noted. RGM was screened for moisture content, total ash value, water-soluble ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive value, water-soluble extractive value, microbial load, and specific pathogen to estimate the quality of the study drug. Results: The outcomes of the physiochemical analysis of RGM were found to be within standard limits. RGM is free from specific pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus aureus. The overall safety regarding heavy-metal content was assured by quantifying the metal content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprint of RGM was generated. Conclusion: The results attained from the study could be used as a reference for setting limits for the quality assurance and quality control of Rasagandhi mezhugu.

Background: Crateva religiosa belongs to the family Capparaceae or Capparidaceae commonly known as Caper family. Leaves are used as stomachic, tonic, effective counter irritant, antirheumatic, and rubefacient. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of C. religiosa G. Forst. fresh leaves. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters were determined according to the standard procedure. Results: Macroscopical evaluation showed that the leaves were ovate or broadly elliptical with acute base and exstipulate with the entire margin. Leaves are smooth, with densely reticulate venation. The quantitative constants such as epidermal number, stomatal number and index, palisade ratio, vein islet, and termination number were determined. The powder microscopic investigations were carried out, and the characters were studied and documented. Phytochemical studies included physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Conclusion: The identified parameters will be useful for authentication and quality control of the drug.